Psychological hardiness is protective against life difficulties. Hence, it is important to find methods for its improvement. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the effect of transactional analysis group training in increasing psychological hardiness among married women. This study was a quasi-experimental researched designed as pretest-posttest with control group. Statistical population consisted of all married women referring to Counseling Center. 30 women were selected through convenience sampling. They were assigned to experimental and control groups. Personal views survey questionnaire was utilized for data collection. The results showed that there were significant differences between control and experimental groups after the intervention; so it can be said that transactional analysis training increased psychological hardiness in the experimental group. According to the findings of this study,According to the findings of this study, transactional analysis can increase psychological hardiness and can be used as an effective clinical intervention by therapists

Dialysis patients are classified as special cases.These patients have to face various physiological changes and lots of psychological stress. This research aimed to study the relationship between resilience with illness behavior in dialysis patients. The study population consisted of all dialysis patients who have referred to the diemoalysis unit (78 participants); all of them have taken census for sampling due to the low number of statistical. Data collection tools was the Connor-Davidson resilience scale and Pilowsky & Spence’s illness behavior questionnaire. There is a negative relationship significant between resilience with hypochondriasis, affective disorder, and denial of disease. The modified coefficient for the dependent variable of hypochondriasis is equal to 21; for affective control, affective disorder, denial of disease was 21.4, 22.4, and 29.5 respectively. These coefficients indicate that how amount of dependent variables are expressed by independent variables. According to the results, it is necessary that that psychological aspects of patients should be focused in the treatment of diseases.