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  Background and purpose:

  Pre-hospital care as a concept is subjective, multidimensional, and ambiguous and associated with health care system. Around whole world has been focused on the importance of burn victims. But pre-hospital emergency care is still an abstract concept. The purpose of the present study was to analyze the concept of care in the context of pre-hospital emergency.

  Materials & methods:

  This study employed the hybrid model to define the concept of pre-hospital care through three phases. For the theoretical phase, review related literature databases until 2012. Papers were analyzed and evaluated. In the field work stage, semi-structured interviews were conducted with eighteen people including nurses working in emergency burn care and burn specialist, emergency personnel, burn victims and their relatives. Digital recordings were extracted and written on the paper. Then qualitative content analysis was performed on them. In the final step, two previous stages were combined and the overall analysis was performed.

  Results: In this study six major themes emerged for pre-hospital care included first contact care, assessing patients' needs, sense of security, evidence-based, coordination and vehicle.

  Conclusion: The results of this study will help clarify the concept of pre-hospital emergency care. This clarification can lead to offer comprehensive medical services based on patient needs and lead to the development of nursing profession. Also identification of facilitators, barriers and the concept of pre-hospital emergency care will help the nursing administrators and educators to be able to design managerial and educational activities based on scientific findings, to execute the necessary conditions for learning and implementing high quality pre-hospital emergency care in nursing .

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Unconstructive conflict resolution and couple burnout have a negative impact on quality of marital life. Brief self-regulation couple therapy is one of the effective approaches in transmission teachings and marital skills to couples. The aim of the current research was to investigate the effect of brief self-regulation couple therapy in conflict resolution and couple burnout among troubled couples. This was a quasi-experimental research that employed a pre and posttest design with a control group. The statistical population comprised the couples who referred to the health houses of Tehran city. The couples were selected according to convenience sampling method. Thus, upon an announcement, a sample of 30 couples who were eligible for the study and received lower scores in communicational conflict resolution scale and couple burnout inventory was selected as participants. They were assigned into two groups of experimental and control (n=15 in each group). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of brief self-regulation couple therapy and the control group received no treatment. The results showed that there were significant differences in the posttest scores between the experimental and control groups, indicating that brief self-regulation couple therapy could significantly improve conflict resolution and reduce couple burnout among couples. Thus, interventions based on brief self-regulation couple therapy could be useful in improving conflict resolution and reducing couple burnout of couples.

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Despite the widespread use of mobail phones in Iranian students, psychological and behavioral effects of addiction to it and its consequences have not been investigated yet. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between cell phone dependency with psychological disorders and academic burnout among nursing and midwifery students. In this study, 169 students were chosen through stratified random sampling method. Data collection tools included mobile phone addiction index, symptom check list-90- Revision and academic burnout inventory. Correlation coefficients of mobile phone dependency with psychological disorders was 0.487 and according results from regression analysis mobile phone dependency predicted 23.8% of the variance of psychological disorders. Correlation coefficients of mobile phone dependency with academic burnout was 0.677 and results from regression analysis mobile phone dependency explained 47.6 of the variance academic burnout. Considering the positive and significant relationship between cell phone usage with psychological disorders and students' academic burnout, identifying the people at risk and holding mobile phone injury training workshops is recommended.

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Addiction can cause many problems for the addict and family, so that the addict's family suffers from more problems. Addicts’ wife suffer more psychological and marital problems. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of mindfulness training on reducing couple burnout of addict’s wife. The study was quasi-experimental that used the pretest-posttest whit control group. The population of this study was consisted the addicts’ wife referring to the addiction treatment centers of Rasht city, Iran. 20 persons were assigned into experimental and control groups by using random sampling method (n=10). The experimental group participated in 8 sessions of mindfulness training and control group received no intervention. The data collected through Pines’ Couple Burnout Measure (CBM). The results showed that there was significant differences between the pretest and posttest scores of the experimental group so mindfulness training could significantly reduce the couple burnout out of addict’s wife. Thus, interventions based on this approach lead to decrease the marital problems of these women.

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Job burnout can reduce job performance. The present study aimed to investigate the job burnout syndrome and its effective factors among military personnel. In this cross-sectional study, 930 military personnel from different areas were selected via cluster sampling. For data collection, the job burnout questionnaire and the job description index were used. The findings showed that 33.8 percent of the personnel were at a low level, 46.5 at a moderate level, and 19.7 percent at an intense level of emotional exhaustion. Considering depersonalization dimension, 51.7 percent were at low level, 37.7 at the moderate level, and 10.5 percent at an intense level. Finally, regarding the lack of personal accomplishment, 47.8 percent were at low level, 31.1 at the moderate level, and 21.1 percent at an intense level. The results of MANOVA showed a significant difference with respect to job burnout among the personnel based on demographic characteristics. Finally, the results revealed a significant relationship between job description index, job burnout, and its components. Accordingly, managers and authorities are suggested to pay more attention to the effective factors influencing job burnout among military personnel.