en ● Psychosocial Health مقاله اصيل پژوهشي Orginal Article <div style="text-align: justify;"><span style="font-size:14px;"><span style="font-family:Tahoma;"><span style="line-height:2;"><strong>Background</strong>: Self-harm is a significant indicator of suicide attempts, with the likelihood of suicide increasing among adolescents who engage in frequent self-harming behaviors. Addressing this issue is crucial. This study aimed to compare the theory of mind (ToM), emotion recognition, and suicidal ideation among adolescents with and without self-harm.<br> <strong>Methods</strong>: The present study followed a causal-comparative design. The statistical population comprised all high school-educated boys and girls in the second half of the 2022 academic year in Guilan. A total of 55 high school students were selected using a multi-stage cluster approach and purposive sampling methods. Data collection instruments included the Ekman 60-faces test (EK-60F), the ToM scale, and the Beck scale for suicidal ideation (BSSI). Eventually, the data collected from 55 individuals were analyzed through a one-way analysis of variance and Tukey&rsquo;s post hoc test by SPSS software, version 27.&nbsp;<br> <strong>Results</strong>: The group of boys with self-harm significantly differed from the group of girls without self-harm regarding the introductory ToM variable using the ToM (P<0.001). Considering the variable emotion recognition, the group of boys with self-harm exhibited a significant difference compared to both the boys without self-harm and the girls without self-harm groups (P<0.001). For the suicide ideation variable, the boys with self-harm group demonstrated a significant difference when compared to the boys without self-harm and girls without self-harm groups (P<0.001).&nbsp;<br> <strong>Conclusion</strong>: The research discovered variations in ToM, emotion recognition, and suicidal thoughts between teenagers who engage in self-harm and those who do not.</span></span></span></div> Theory of mind (ToM), Emotion recognition, Suicidal ideation, Adolescents, Self-harm 93 104 http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-2414-1&slc_lang=en&sid=1 Rana Karani newshasedaghat@gmail.com 100319475328460037267 0009-0001-2567-7523 No Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Abhar Branch, Islamic Azad University, Abhar, Iran. Lale Jamalpour Biregani newshasedaghat@gmail.com 100319475328460037268 100319475328460037268 No Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Shahrekord University, Shahrekord, Iran. Maryam Mokarram newshasedaghat@gmail.com 100319475328460037269 100319475328460037269 No Department of Psychology, Faculty of Humanities, Urmia University, Urmia, Iran. Nafise Fonoodi newshasedaghat@gmail.com 100319475328460037270 100319475328460037270 No Department of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin, Iran. Newsha Sedaghat newshasedaghat@gmail.com 100319475328460037271 0009-0005-8006-7620 Yes Department of Psychology, Astane Ashrafieh Branch, Payame-Noor University, Astane Ashrafieh, Iran.