Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Health Challenges of Human Resources in Municipal Solid Waste Management
487
488
FA
Ali
Sajjadi
Gonabad University of Medical Science
sa_1344@hotmail.com
Y
In most classic texts, solid waste management is considered to be consisting of some certain functional elements, including generation, storage, segregation, recycling, transportation and disposal. However implying, this feature does not directly incorporate or emphasize human resources that are supposed to be the center of any sustainable development. It might be due to the noticeable fact of human significant function. Considering its early stage in our country, the main focus of solid waste management has been being mostly on the technical elements therefore, the human resources have not convincingly been noticed as they deserve. This critique aimed to draw municipality managers’ attention to wellbeing, safety and welfare of their workforce. This group of workers who are amongst the most underprivileged and vulnerable workers has exposure to many risk factors that could endanger their health.
Solid Waste Management,Workforce,Health and Safety, Risk Factors
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-251-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Investigating the level of self-care and supportiv eeducative needs of patients with myocardial infarction, based on Orem’s model
489
496
FA
Ali
Mohammadpor
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
rahmatin@sums.ac.ir
N
Narjes
Rahmati Sharghi
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
rahmatin@sums.ac.ir
Y
Shahla
Khosravan
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
khosravan@gmu.ac.ir
N
Ali
Alami
Gonabad University of Medical Sciences
alialami65@hotmail.com
N
ABSTRACT
Myocardial infarction (MI), generally known as a heart attack, is one of the most common factors which through disability and restricted capability threatens human lives. According to Orem theory, individuals, even with MI, have levels of self caring that emerge in their knowledge, attitude and competency. This study aimed to assess the levels of self-caring, educational and supportive needs, as well as, the related factors among MI patients. The randomly selected sample of this study was 100 patients who lived in Khorasan-e Razavi, and had admitted at least once in hospitals due to heart attack. Data on the view of knowledge, attitude and competency were collected, using a questioner based on Orem theory. Then, the whole dataset were analyzed, employing appropriate statistical tests such as t-test and χ2 in SPSS, version 18 P-values ≤0.05 were considered to be statistically significant. The study sample ranged 27-97 years old who were 74% male and 26% female. 72% of patients experienced heart attack for the first time. Self caring levels on the view of knowledge, motivation and competency were 58%, 42% and 44%, respectively. There were significant associations between levels of blood sugar and cholesterol, and self caring levels in view of competency (P-values = 0.03) and knowledge (P-values = 0.04). However, other parameters did not show a statistical significant association. Finally, Self-caring levels among patients with MI is not in appropriate and desirable condition. Therefore, it is advisable to develop methodically educational and supportive programmes, based on Orem theory, for MI patients to improve their self-caring levels.
Myocardial Infarction (MI), Heart Attack, Orem theory, Self-Caring, Educational – Supportive Needs
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-246-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Waterpipe Smoking in the Male College Students: an Education Intervention Using Theory Of Planned Behavior
497
503
FA
Hamid
Joveyni
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
hamidjoveyni124@gmail.com
N
Tahere
Dehdari
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
t-dehdari@tums.ac.ir
Y
Mahmoodreza
Gohari
Tehran University of Medical Sciences
gohar_ma@yahoo.com
N
In the world, the trend of increasing water pipe smoking was more than the cigarettes smoking. The aim of this study was to determine of effectiveness of an educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior (TPB) to reducing water pipe smoking in the male college students who are living in dormitories of Tehran University of Medical Sciences in 2011. This study was a quasi-experimental type. In this study, 90 college students were selected by random sampling method. Data collection was performed by designed questionnaire based on TPB constructs and demographic variables. The participants filled out questionnaires before the intervention. Education intervention was designed according to pre-test results and performed for intervention group. Two groups were followed- up two-months after completion of intervention and filled out questionnaires again. The collected data were analyzed by SPSS software, Chi-Square test, Independent sample T-test and analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA). Findings of present study showed that there are significant differences between the mean score of attitude, behavioral intention, subjective norms and perceived behavioral control in the intervention group as compare to the control group after intervention. In addition, significant reductions in the frequency of water pipe smoking were observed in the intervention group as compare to the control group. The results showed that designing educational intervention based on TPB constructs may be an effective strategy for changing positive perceptions of college students toward water pipe smoking and reducing of smoking it.
student, water pipe, theory of planned behavior, educati
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-239-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Effectiveness of an educational intervention based on theory of planned behavior to reduce intentions to smoke among secondary school students
504
513
FA
Easa
Mohammadizeidi
easamohammadizeidi@gmail.com
N
Amir
Pakpour
pakpour_amir@yahoo.com
Y
Beliefs about smoking are important predictors of smoking behavior among adolescents. An alarming fact is the rising smoking prevalence in Asian countries especially in the Middle East, particularly the increasing trend in smoking during adolescence.
In a randomized controlled trial study, 150 students e were selected using multistage sampling procedure from boy-specific high schools in Qazvin. A self constructed questionnaire was administered consisting of demographic and the theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) constructs (i.e. attitudes towards smoking, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention to smoke. The adolescents were asked to complete the questionnaire at the baseline and then they were randomly assigned either experimental (n=75) or control group (n=75). The randomization unit was the school. Adolescents in the experimental group received four educational sessions during three weeks while those in the control group did not receive any kind of intervention.
The data was collected at baseline and three months after the intervention.
The average age of the adolescents was 15.3±0.62. Approximately, 1% and 7.6% of the adolescents had a mother and father who had smoke, respectively. There was no difference between control and experiential groups in terms of demographic variables. The educational intervention resulted in improving for attitudes, subjective norms, perceived behavioral control and intention in the experimental group in comparison with the control group. Furthermore, preventive smoking behavior was increased significantly among adolescents in the experimental group in comparison with those the control group. The results suggest that an intervention based on the TPB to prevent smoking behaviors can bring about promising results among adolescents.
theory of Planned Behavior, adolescents, education, smoking,
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-121-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
The relationship between pre-eclampsia and periodontal infection in pregnant women
514
518
FA
Roghaieh
Rahmani
Gonabad Medical University, Gonabad, Iran
roghaiehrahmany@yahoo.com
N
Shahnaz
Ahrari
Gonabad Medical University, Gonabad, Iran
sh.ahrar@gmail.com
Y
Azam
Mahmoudian
Gonabad Medical University, Gonabad, Iran
sh.ahrar@gmail.com
N
Nematollah
Dadpour
Gonabad Medical University, Gonabad, Iran
sh.ahrar@gmail.com
N
Marzieh
Taghany
Gonabad Medical University, Gonabad, Iran
sh.ahrar@gmail.com
N
Mitra
Beshagh
Gonabad Medical University, Gonabad, Iran
sh.ahrar@gmail.com
N
Zahra
Zohorian
azad eslami University, Lahijan, Iran
Zzohorian53@yahoo.com
N
Background and Objectives:
Preeclampsia in pregnant women is a common problem, resulting in high morbidity and mortality. Understanding the initiating etiologic factors is essential to properly design preventive and therapeutic strategies. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of periodontitis on preeclampsia in 22 Bahman Hospital Gonabad patients
Materials and Methods:
A case-control study was carried out in 22 Bahman Hospital Gonabad that included 30 pregnant women with preeclampsia and 30 non-preeclamptic women between 20-40 weeks of pregnancy. Sociodemographic data such as age, parity, and education was the same in two groups. Both groups were examined by a dentist for periodontal status. The chi-square tests were carried out to analysis of data by SPSS16 software.
Results:
The two groups were homogeneous in terms of demographic and obstetric findings. Two groups were significantly different in overall periodontal status [p <0.03], but there were no significant difference between cases and controls in extent of gingivitis, tooth loss, and dental plaque.
Conclusion:
The result showed that periodontal infection is caused by inflammation is a factor affecting the incidence of preeclampsia, but preeclampsia is not associated with other criteria for review. Need to perform studies with larger sample size is recommended
periodontal infection- preeclampsia - pregnancy
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-232-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Health care provider s’ knowledge, attitude and practice regarding pre-conception care
519
526
FA
Roghaye
Bayrami
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
bayrami_rb@yahoo.com
N
Hossein
Ebrahimipour
Mashhad University of Medical Sciences
ebrahimipourh@mums.ac.ir
Y
Marzieh
Ebrahimi
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
N
Mohammadreza
Forootani
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
N
Balal
Najafzadeh
Urmia University of Medical Sciences
N
Background & Aims: Preconception care is a part of the prenatal care and it is one of the important duties of Health care providers. This study was done for the purpose of determine Health care providers’ knowledge, attitude and practice about preconception care in Khoy city in 2009.
Materials & Methods: this study was a cross sectional- descriptive study that the research community, were the city of Khoy all health care workers who were selected by census sampling method (218). Data collection tool included questionnaire (demographic characteristic, questions about knowledge, attitude and practice) about preconception care. 167 (77%) responded to the questionnaire. Data using descriptive statistics (frequencies, percentages, mean and standard deviation) and were analyzed by X2-test.
Results: family physicians, a two- year degree course in family health science groups and junior paramedics had an average level of knowledge(63.5,69% and 74.6% respectively) and (66.7)% masters of science in family health care had a good level of knowledge about this matter. All group of health care provider had a positive attitude about preconception care. More than of 70% family physicians and masters of science in family health had a poor practice about this matter. The majority of midwives (64.7%) and junior paramedics (52.4%) had a moderate practice about preconception care. There was a significant statistical difference between Health care providers’ degree of study and their knowledge, practice and attitude about preconception care(p<0.001, p= 0.06 , p=0.008 respectively).
Conclusion: Staff training, preparation for practical information and sensitive personnel and other individuals involved in providing midwifery services to health care before pregnancy can lead to improved services in this field.
knowledge, attitude, practice, preconception care
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-175-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Methods and patterns of drug abuse among young addict women
527
535
FA
Mohammad
Khajedaluee
khajedalueem@mums.ac.ir
N
Maliheh
Dadgar Moghadam
maliheh_dadgar@yahoo.com
Y
Abstract:
Although we do not know the exact number of addicted women in our country, but based on some investigations, 9.6% of addicted person are women. Ministry of Health reports show that we have a ratio of one woman per eight addicted men. Our data show that, different factors are playing role at the beginning the drug abuse between women and men. In this study, we investigate the pattern of drug abuse, including different methods and substances, between two groups of addicted women.
This case-control study have been done on 160 randomized samples of addicted women in two groups , vulnerable addict women (in prison) and addicted women (without history of being in prison), in Mashhad between 2011 and 2012,respectively.The results showed that the most common methods in vulnerable addicts were inhalation and oral methods, respectively. Of them, up to 6%'s used drugs by injecting method. Considering the substances they used, the most common drug (with regards to multi-addicted groups),were Cristal and methamphetamine, respectively .The less common substance was tablets ,which have been abused in combination with all other drugs in all cases. The most drugs abused simultaneously, were Cristal and methamphetamine together. Also, heroin, cannabis and psychotropic tablets were far more abused in vulnerable group. The results of this study showed that a history of imprisonment was associated with a change in the method of abusing to the intra venous drug abuse. The result showed that Cristal and methamphetamine was the most drug abused in women.
young women, addiction, drug abuse pattern, drug abuse method, vulnerability
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-245-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
The Effect of Income Distribution on life expectancy and under-5 mortality rate in Iran
536
544
FA
Mohammad ali
Motafakker Azad
tabriz university
N
Hossein
Asgharpour
tabriz university
N
Salar
Jalilpour
tabriz university
jalilpoor_sf@yahoo.com
Y
Shabnam
Saleh
N
Health can affects human abilities, functions and even his life quality, and hence has important role in determination of human capital through production processes.
The aim of this study is to examine the effect of income inequality on selected health indices in Iran during 1976-2007. In this study an attempt has been made to analyze the relationship between income inequality and the both of life expectancy and under 5 mortality rate (per 1000 live birth), by using the co-integration method of Johansen- Juselius.
Empirical results show that, there is a long-run convergent relationship between above mentioned variables. Furthermore, results show that income inequality has negative effect on health. Therefore, it is concluded that, equally distribution of income could improve national health status in Iran.
Health , Income Inequality , Co-Integration , Iran
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-48-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Correlation between coping styles and body dysmorphic concern among student
545
550
FA
Mahdi
Valizade
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
mahdivalizade@yahoo.com
Y
Saba
Hasanvandi
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
hasanvandi2010@yahoo.com
N
Mahnaz
Mehrabizade Honarmand
Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz
m_mehrabizade@yahoo.com
N
Mohammad Mojtaba
Keikhayfarzaneh
N
Seyedeh Sara
Mousavi
N
Background and Aim: worry about physical appearance is in psychiatric disorders. This occupation about body image is one of the main worry in the female students. The aim of present study was to determine the relationship between body dysmorphic concern and coping styles among female students in Shahid Chamran University of Ahvaz.
Method: In this survey study, 141 female students were selected through random sampling among students in dormitory and responded to body dysmorphic concern Inventory and Andlers and Parker's coping styles Inventory. Datas from above questionnaires, were analysed from SPSS-16 and statistical test of pearson's correlation and stepwise regresson.
Findings: Results of pearson's correlation showed that coping styles of emotion – focused, distracted and occupation have statistical relationship r=./46 p= <./001, r=./28 p= <./01 and r=./16 p= <./5with body dysmorphic concern respectively. Also, results of step wise regression showed that coping styles of emotion-focused and distraction are most predictors of body dysmorphic concern respectively.
Conclusion: The result of this study showed that coping styles can be main predictive elements for body dysmorphic concern. So, can with education effective coping skills to students help to increase mental health of them.
Body dysmorphic concern, coping styles, students
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-229-en.pdf
Journal of Research and Health
2423-5717
2423-5717
3
4
2013
11
1
Physical activity and its related factors among female employees: applying BASNEF model
551
557
FA
Seyed Mohammad Mahdi
Hazavehie
Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
hazavehie@umsha.ac.ir
N
Marzieh
Otogara
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,
m_otogara@yahoo.com
N
Babak
Moeini
Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
babak_moeini@umsha.ac.ir
Y
Ghodratolah
Roshanaei
Research Center for Health Sciences, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
ghroshanai@yahoo.com
N
Vahid
Kafami
Department of Public Health, School of Health, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran,
vahikafami@yahoo.com
N
Introduction: One of the most important problems of modern society has reduced physical activity among people. The aim of this study was determine factors associated with regular physical activity among female employees based on BASNEF model.
Methods: This study was a cross-sectional study carried out on 268 employed women in Hamadan University of Medical Sciences based on census sampling method. The data were gathered by questionnaire in three parts, including demographic information, constructs of BASNEF model and international physical activity questionnaire (IPAQ). Data were analyzed by SPSS 16 by using appropriate statistical tests (Chi-square, T-test and Logistic regression analysis).
Results: Based on the results, 189 working women (70.5 %) have a low physical activity, 60 (22.4 %) moderate physical activity and 19 (7.1 %) had severe physical activity. The married women reported higher levels of physical activity as comparing single women(X2 = 15.3, p-value =0.024). From constructs of BASNEF model, the best predictors of performing physical activity behavior were attitude (OR= 1.215 & p-value = 0.000) and enabling factors (OR= 1.119 & p-value = 0.000).
Conclusion: Enabling factors was the most effective factor among female employees for performing regular physical activity. It seems that the preparation of sports facilities can promote physical activity among employed women.
Physical Activity, Enabling Factors, BASNEF Model, female employees
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.html
http://jrh.gmu.ac.ir/article-1-209-en.pdf