Since there is a wide range of diseases and health problems, physicians take steps to diagnose or treat them or, in some cases, refer the patients to specialists at their own discretion. One of these specialties is dentistry, which deals with oral diseases and, of course, is completely separated from medicine. Since oral diseases are the source of many health problems, oral health should be considered important for the community health; therefore, community health can be achieved by maintaining oral health. Medical professionals are at the forefront of community health care, which is why the majority of people visit them for treating their health problems [
1]. However, medical professionals generally receive little education about oral health and unfortunately cannot provide appropriate measures or give advice to patients in case of an emergency [
2].
Although the association between oral problems and systemic diseases needs further investigation, about 100 systemic diseases with oral health connection have been identified so far, including diabetes, pregnancy-related complications, and pulmonary diseases [
3]. Other studies have revealed the relationship of periodontal disease with stroke, cardiovascular disease, hypertension, dementia, and mortality [
4]. Nowadays, hospital emergency wards are increasingly dealing with patients with oral problems. This reminds the need for physicians who know about oral health to treat or refer these patients to dental clinics. In addition, there are many poor people in the community who cannot afford oral health care, despite receiving medical care, and have high rate of oral diseases [
5].
In spite of the close association of oral health with systemic diseases and some systemic consequences, the gap between medical and dental education has received little attention since 1840, when the first dental school in the United States was established, until the beginning of the third millennium. In 2000, a report in the United States on oral health highlighted this gap and strongly recommended the integration of primary care and oral health care [
6]. The separation of dentistry from medicine not only has had a significant impact on public health outcomes, but also has imposed many costs on the healthcare system [
6]. Despite many shortcomings in teaching oral health care to medical students, effective steps have been taken. Interprofessional education has been encouraged and even obliged by the American Dental Educators Association (ADEA) and the American Medical Colleges Association (AAMC) [
6].
Despite the trend of specialization in the last century, which brought some achievements, new challenges highlighted the need to reconsider interprofessional education. Previous studies have shown that the integration of oral health education into the medical curriculum is ultimately beneficial for promoting general health, especially among vulnerable groups, in addition to increasing students’ awareness and information about oral health. Healthcare is absolutely an interprofessional filed; the connection of different disciplines such as medicine and dentistry to each other can have synergistic effects on the outcomes of the healthcare system. Currently, there is an urgent need for pioneers whose vision is integrative care, and for whom oral hygiene is of paramount importance [
6].
Ethical Considerations
Compliance with ethical guidelines
Compliance with ethical guidelines there were no ethical considerations to be considered in this research.
Funding
This research did not receive any grant from funding agencies in the public, commercial, or non-profit sectors.
Conflict of interest
The author declared no conflict of interest.
References
- Sharma BS, Sharma J, Upadhyay M, Agrawal A, Dayma A, Yadav SP. Knowledge and awareness about dentistry among medical students, residents, and medical practitioners in Bhairahawa city, Nepal. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care. 2021; 10(2):922-8. [DOI:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_841_19] [PMID] [PMCID]
- Cohen LA. Expanding the physician’s role in addressing the oral health of adults. American Journal of Public Health. 2013; 103(3):408-12. [DOI:10.2105/AJPH.2012.300990] [PMID] [PMCID]
- Kane SF. The effects of oral health on systemic health. General Dentistry. 2017; 65(6):30-4. [PMID]
- Sabbah W, Folayan MO, El Tantawi M. The link between oral and general health. International Journal of Dentistry. 2019; 2019:7862923. [DOI:10.1155/2019/7862923] [PMID] [PMCID]
- Atchison KA, Weintraub JA, Rozier RG. Bridging the dental-medical divide: Case studies integrating oral health care and primary health care. Journal of the American Dental Association. 2018; 149(10):850-8. [DOI:10.1016/j.adaj.2018.05.030] [PMID]
- Donoff RB, Daley GQ. Oral health care in the 21st century: It is time for the integration of dental and medical education. Journal of Dental Education. 2020; 84(9):999-1002. [DOI:10.1002/jdd.12191] [PMID]